Peru :: essays research papers fc

PERU- PROFILEPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYLocationCountry in west central South America, bounded on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil and Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The area of Peru, including several offshore islands, is 1,285,216 sq km (496,225 sq mi), making it third in size (after Brazil and Argentina) of South America countries. Lima is the countrys capital and chief commercial center.TopographyPeru may be divided into three main topographical regions The coastal plain, the sierra, and the Montana.The coastal plain is an arid, elongated stretch of land extending the entire length of the country and varying in wild from about 65 to 160 km. (about 40 to 100 mi) it is a northern extension of the Tacoma Desert of Chile. The plain has few adequate harbors. Most of the desolate is so dry that only10 of the 52 rivers draining the Andean slopes to the Pacific Ocean have sufficient volume to maintain the flow across the desert and render the coast. However, the coast is the economic center of Peru. Most of the Nations leading commercial and export crops grow in the 40 oases of the region.The sierra, an upland region with hulk mountain ranges of the Andes, lofty plateaus, and deep gorges and valleys. The main range is the Cordillera Occidental other ranges include the Cordillera Oriental, the Cordillera Central.The sierra, which covers 30 percent of the countrys land area, traverses the country from southeastern and northwest.Several of the highest peaks in the world are located in the various sierra cordilleras and plateaus, notably Huascaran (6,768 m/22,205 ft), the highest in Peru. Lake Titicaca is in the southeast. In the northeast the sierra slopes downward to a vast, flat tropical jungle, the selvas, extending to the Brazilian border and forming part of the Amazon Basin. The mountain attains a maximum width of about 965 km (about 600 mi) in the north and constitutes some 60 percent of the Peruvian lan d area it is covered with thick tropical forests in the west and with dense tropical phytology in the center and east. Peru has three main drainage systems. One comprises about 50 torrential streams that rise in the sierra and descend steeply to the coastal plain. The second comprises the tributaries of the Amazon River in the mountain region. The third principal feature is Lake Titicaca, which drains into Lake Poopo in Bolivia thought the Desaguadero River

Albinism :: essays research papers

Page1Albinism is a very serious disease that could end up in death. Albinism is a recessive familial defect in melanin, which is metabolic process in which pigment is absent from skin, pilus, and eyes. Albinism in hair, skin, and eyes is called oculocutaneous albinism. Humans that sustain oculocotaneous albinism are non able to produce melanin. These populate have white, yellow, or yellow brown hair, very light ( usually blue ) eyes, and very pale skin. Their eyes may appear pink because they have very little pigment.Albinism just in the eyes is called ocular albinism. Which is a dark biological pigment that is formed as an end product of the metabolism of the amino and tyrosine.People with ocular albinism, which only the eye lacks melanin pigment, while everything else appears average. People who have this have a variety of the eye disorders because of the lack of pigment impairs normal eye development. These effected are extremely sensitive to bright light. Treatment for ocu lar albinism includes the use of visual aids and surgery for strabismus.Albinism is very rare in humans. There is a one to seventeen thousand chance that a individual will have Albinism. Because of albinism if a person with the disease is exposed to invisible rays they get very sick or get cancer.Albinism occurs in all races, from white, black, to asian. Regardless of skin color the people are still paler than normal people. Their hair is white and they have pinkish red eyes.Page2There is another type of albinism which is called Hermansk-Pudlak syndrome. In the is type of the disease there could be problems with bleeding, and with lung and bowel disease as well. This is a very rare and uncommon type of albinism.For almost all types of Albinism both parents or mates must carry an albinism gene in order for their child to have albinism. Because the body has two sets of genes, a person may have normal pigmentation but carry the albinism gene. If a person has one normal gene and one albinism gene that is still enough to pass the disease on to their children. Even if both parents have the albinism gene it does not mean they have the sickness. The baby will have a one out of four chance of getting the disease. This is inherited by autosomal recessive inheritance.

Conflict as a Measure Essays -- essays research papers

Conflict as a Measure of Team DevelopmentThe ability of a team to resolve conflict is a valid measure of team development. The role of conflict in work teams is determined by the manner in which it is managed. Conflict is a driving force of change that can result in improved decision-making processes and progressive team development. However, teams must learn to be confrontational without destroying the team process. Teams are able to handle conflict and perform at a high level by following a framework of conversation needed for managing conflict constructively. Teams capable of mediating their own conflicts, improve both productivity and member relationships without the fallout.1.Coercing is a process in which groups use confrontational tactics, such as argument, use of authority, or threat, to achieve the goals of each group regardless of the expense paid by the other.2.Withdrawal is the process by which both parties involved in a disagreement postpone or ignore the issue causing the conflict.3.Negotiation is the process by which both groups selectively ignore certain interests in order to reach an agreement, thus achieving partial satisfaction for each side.4.Accommodation is the process by which one group neglects its own interests by satisfying the inescapably of the other group involved.One of the most used forms of solving conflict in the wor...

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay -- Business, Corporate

The notion of ethics deals with peoples behaviors within a company. Social certificate of indebtedness involves a companys moral obligations and the manner in which the organization makes its decisions. Although ethics and social responsibility are similar on a conceptual basis, each has its own unique characteristics that express their differences and its independence of the other. moral philosophy and social responsibility have to be present and coincide with one another for a business to be goodly sound. Ethics is the application of ones personal beliefs and the impact on how a person makes decisions regarding the relationships involving a company. The most ordinary agents that involve a persons decisions are owners, employees, customers, clients, suppliers and communities, according to Robert Audi (Audi, 2009). A persons beliefs are often the determining factor in whether an activity is considered right or wrong. Although ethics are often not explicitly displayed, a per son with any sort of moral belief tends to have a grasp about what is considered ethically right or wrong. These obligations attempt to create a mirror image of how one would expect to be treated themselves. Audi states that in that respect are ten moral obligations that serve as a model for how to assess ethical dilemmas. The following obligations are moral obligations that help to assess ethical dilemmas justice, non-injury, fidelity, veracity, reparation, beneficence, self-improvement, gratitude, liberty, and respectfulness (Audi, 2009). Once these moral obligations are engraved into someones mind, it is much easier for a person to make a decision based on ethical grounds. Financial reporting is an example of an ethical problem for an organization or business. Many busin... ... Ethics are mainly used by individuals as guidance in making ethical decisions. Social responsibility is dependent on ethics, but ethics is independent of social responsibility and can patronize on its own. Works CitedAudi, R. (2009). Business Ethics and Ethical Business. New York Oxford University Press, Inc.Berenbeim, R. E. (2006, May 12). Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Vital Speeches of the Day, pp. 501-504.Carroll, A. B. (1996). Business & Society Ethics and stakeholders management. Cincinnati South-Western College Publishing.James E. Post, A. T. (2002). Business and Society Corporate Strategy, Public Policy, Ethics (10th Ed.). New York McGraw-Hill.Reed, B. (2011). The Business of Social Responsibility. Retrieved from Dollars and Sense Real World Economics http//www.dollarsandsense.org/archives/1998/0598reed.html

Harry Potter Archetype paper -- J.K. Rowling

Harry Potter, in many ways follows the hero journey and archetype. Throughout the book many of his adventures and exploits leave many of the others feeling as if he were a hero. The journey he takes part in is ones that make me feel hes living a heros journey. Harry was born with many special talents and abilities. The pursual paragraphs I state my views and how Harry fits the hero archetype and journey. In many ways Harry Potter fits the hero archetype. A few of the examples are as follows. When Harry was born his life was planned to be one of an ordinary wizard, but due to his parent?s death by Voldemort he was doom to live a normal muggle life with the Dursleys. Also at age ten Harry discovers he was a wizard was a surprise to him not knowing what lay ahead of him. Harry inherited many of James and Lilys traits and skills in the wizarding world, he was soon to face many of the challenges they faced. For example Harry victimization the flute to memorizing Fluffy to access the cha mber bellows chapter sixteen page two hundred seventy five. In chapter three Harry states that when ...

Harry Potter Archetype paper -- J.K. Rowling

Harry Potter, in many slipway follows the hero expedition and archetype. Throughout the book many of his adventures and exploits leave many of the others looking ating as if he were a hero. The journey he takes part in is ones that make me feel hes living a heros journey. Harry was born with many special talents and abilities. The following paragraphs I state my views and how Harry fits the hero archetype and journey. In many ways Harry Potter fits the hero archetype. A few of the examples are as follows. When Harry was born his life was planned to be one of an ordinary wizard, yet due to his parent?s death by Voldemort he was destined to live a normal muggle life with the Dursleys. Also at age ex Harry discovers he was a wizard was a surprise to him not knowing what lay ahead of him. Harry inherited many of James and Lilys traits and skills in the wizarding world, he was soon to face many of the challenges they faced. For example Harry using the flute to memorizing Fluffy to ac cess the chamber bellows chapter sixteen page cardinal hundred seventy five. In chapter three Harry states that when ...

Barnes & Noble vs. Amazon.Com: Fought Since The Explosion

Barnes & Noble and Amazon. com had been in constant fight between each(prenominal) other since the explosion of online purchasing. Before the mid 1990s online purchasing introduction, Barnes & Noble had big dominance in sustainselling, as it was the largest bookstore in the world. With the entrance to the book market by Amazon. com, Barnes & Noble found a big competitor, as it represented a juvenile and innovative way of purchasing a book. do a financial analysis on both(prenominal) companies, we could recognize certain differences that mark advantages for both sides.The financial study was done in a continue of 4 years of operation for Barnes & Noble (1992-1996) and 6 years of operation for Amazon. com (1995-2001). Given numbers can be look atn in Exhibit 1 and 2 for both companies. Now, with both financial reports, we can create many conclusions about both enterprises. First of all, we willing talk about the increase in revenues that both experienced throughout their year s. Barnes & Noble Amazon. com Now, taking into consideration Barnes & Nobles chart, we can see that there is a constant growth in revenues from year to year.The average growth from year to year was of 22. 52% in the four year analysis. This is an grave factor as we can notice that the social clubs sales were always increasing and that the growth aim would not fluctuate throughout the years. Regarding Amazon. coms chart, we can see that there is a huge exponential function growth. On the first years of operations, Amazon suffered of a big growth in sales, having almost 3000% more sales from 1995 to 1996. Now it is important to notice how the rate lowered throughout the years to reach a 31. 50% from 2000 to 2001. We can see a huge growth in the first years because Amazon. om was something new to people as online bookselling wasnt that famous. As people settled to the idea and competitors like Barnes & Noble adjusted to this change, sales growth went down to a mean(prenominal) grow th rate, which in average was still higher than that of Barnes & Noble. With the information, we can also see that Barnes & Noble achieved a higher net income than Amazon. com in the 1990s. It is obvious that this was cod to the fact that the first mentioned company had already been running for many years and that already had a fair amount of costumers, while Amazon. om was a new company trying to be known in the bookselling universe. The following charts show the information on net income for both companies in their respective periods. Barnes & Noble Amazon. com We can notice that even when both companies had years in which they suffered big losses in income, they achieved to finish the period with a positive net income. It is also interesting to see how both net incomes grow throughout their respective periods, being Amazon the company with the steadiest growth rate.What we can get from the net income analysis, is that even when Amazon had a slow start due to the introduction of a new purchasing method, which almost always comes with some uncertainty from the customers, it has managed to increase its income throughout the years to the mastermind in which it has catched up with Barnes & Noble, its main competitor. Now, in order to know how Amazon has achieved much(prenominal) a growth in net income throughout the years, we get under ones skin to review the ratios as percentage of sales for both companies. Barnes & Noble Amazon. comWhen analyzing both charts, we realize to take into consideration that both companies experienced a growth on net income. We can see that both cost structures are mostly similar, with the exception that Barnes & Noble has to deal with infrastructure depreciation. Now, leaving aside the cost structure, allows pay close attention to the percentages throughout the years. Both companies experience a decrease on the percentages of sales on all their structure, which is really important when expecting an income growth, but it is rea lly impressive how big is Amazons decrease.They were able to mitigate every part of their cost structure in the analyzed period, which is reflected on the percentage of income out of sales that they have. Take for example the cost of sales. While Barnes & Noble managed to decrease that cost in only 1% from the first to the croak analyzed year, Amazon was able to decrease it in almost 5%. Thus, income percentages are also very different, having Barnes & Noble with a 2% at the supplant of the period while Amazon had a big 7% at the end of the period.So, in conclusion we can see that the struggle between these both companies is still even and could balance to any side. Making a future prediction based on the numbers that were presented, we can assume that Barnes & Nobles revenues will remain on the same growth rate throughout the years while Amazons will stabilize on a certain rate and continue on it. We can also see that Barnes & Noble can still change their cost structure, as Amaz on did, in order to achieve much higher and more regular net incomes throughout the years.It isnt very healthy for the company that one year they have a high net income and the next one is a big loss, as the operations are affected by it. Both financial structures will be affected by the advantages and disadvantages of online vs. traditional bookselling. In recent years, online selling has become more and more popular worldwide as people witness it as a faster, cheaper and easier way to buy the books they want. This could be reflected in higher revenues for companies such as Amazon. com and a net income decrease on the big bookstores such as Barnes & Nobles. Barnes & Noble (Exhibit 1) Amazon. com (Exhibit 2)

Israel †Lebanon War and related problems faced by the American community Essay

Introduction At the time of cold contend, democratic globe was, virtu completelyy, confronted by provided champion threat, coming from communist administration of the Soviet Union. This foe, though being dangerous, was quite predictable and civilized to authorized extent. After the cold war seized it seemed that domain of a function would finally find world-wide sleep and mutual consent. However, things turned different and such hopes vanished into a thin air. The world community faced new, once unwitnessed, threats related to religious, national, and ethnic intol whilence.Commonly accepted, though in the end mistaken, is the belief that the fighting against these threats must be narrowed down to the war against a mathematical functionicular enemy, world terrorism. Comparing the old and new world (time onwards and after the cold war) it must be noted that coming upon between democratic world and the Soviet Union was based on certain rules, preventing the world from the global involution. Confrontation with a new enemy has no rules at all.It turns out that to settle a combat of a new type is to a greater extent difficult than it consumptiond to be, partially because of the reason that sometimes it is, practically, impossible to detect a real initiator of a conflict. All participators of a conflict are guilty. Besides, among the different significant reasons is the great number of conflicting parties and, as a consequence, there is a highly complicated interlacement of interests. To defend interests of unmatchable party without dangleing the interests of another(prenominal) one is almost an unattainable aim.The bright example of the conflict of new type is a currently continuing war between Israel and Lebanon. This war affects the events all over the world and American community in particular. Israel Lebanon war raises an array of problems that need to be solved by the world drawing cards as in brief as possible. Short Historical Backgro und It is reported that on 12 July 2006 Hezbollah initiated Operation Truthful Promise named for a promise by its leader Sheik Hassan Nasrallah to conquer Israeli sol lastrs and swap them for the remaining three Lebanese held by Israel.The early morning raid into Israeli territory resulted in viii Israeli soldiers killed and two captured. Israel then responded with Operation Just Reward later renamed Operation Change of Direction. Israels retaliatory strike has thus far encompassed outpouring raids by the Israeli Air Force (IAF), an air and Israeli Sea Corps naval blockade of Lebanon (especially southern Lebanon and Beirut), a force of tanks and armored soldiery unit carriers, and some small raids into southern Lebanon by Israel Defense Forces (IDF) ground troops.Hezbollah has concurrently engaged in extensive rocket attacks on Israels blue cities, including Haifa. However, the Lebanese government has constantly disavowed Hezbollahs actions and refused to condone them, eon ur gently calling for international pink of my Johnmakers to end the conflict. (Wikipedia) This short passage gives a irradiate and overall picture of the background of current power in nerve center East. It must be noted that Hezbollah operations on Israeli soldiers capture was preceded by Israel occupation of the west bank of the Jordan River and Gaza Strip.This occupation was in its turn preceded by Hamas raid into Israel and capture of an Israeli soldier (CNN. com) This bundle of events can be untwined to infinity. Analysis of events and their projection at US Foreign indemnity The world community acknowledges that Hezbollah is a terrorist organization which directs its actions against Israeli state. Respectively, no one denies Israels right to protect itself and its citizens as well as no one rejects Israels demand to disarm or destroy this organization.However, Hezbollah located its military camps on the territory of sovereign state of Lebanon, the government of which is, v irtually, incapable to control the activity of this organization. Now the issue of Israel self-defense arises from a different perspective is Israel authorized to conduct military actions against terrorist organization on the territory of a sovereign harshwealth? And if initially most countries justified Israels actions, civilian casualties made the world be divided basing on its reaction to the Middle East conflict. As it is stated in the article at CNN.com leaders in Europe and the Middle East see the attacks against Lebanon as disproportionate and this statement provokes a new question at what scarce moment these attacks became disproportionate and Israel self-defence transformed into hostility? When ten civilians were killed or twenty? This question is not a simple one as it raises the global problem of the right to resort to weapon against certain country. It is directly related to the American community and to get into the root of the matter it would be useful to have reco urse to the investigation of the question of the legality of the regular army invasion into Iraq.Speaking about military invasion legality, as Crahan states, the answer may seem obvious the U. N. is the worlds premier political body, its call for requires security system Council authorization for the use of force . (Crahan et al. , p. 135) No one can disagree with this statement. The situation in which the force can be applied is besides obvious there should be continuous failure to execute resolutions, carried by UN Security Council, or their systematic violation.In particular, what concerns Iraq, there was an array of resolutions carried, which Iraq refused to execute. But it is demand to clarify was it solely Iraqs fault? As Crahan further continues the world body had failed in all those eld to attain the goals that the President was seeking, in vast part because the Council was bitterly and chronically divided on the critical question of how sometimes even on whether t o enforce its numerous resolutions on Iraq. (Crahan et al., 135)Thus it follows that the Council, while carrying its resolutions, even if under the pressure from U. S. side, itself resists their execution. Here the EC countries and Russia are to be fully reproached. No country in the world would execute any resolutions in such circumstances. However, when it came to the point when acts of force were very likely, Iraq, nevertheless, began to execute U. N. Security Council resolutions. But this time the the States and allies decided to launch the invasion with complete neglect to international law .Such total neglect to the Council resolutions, even by its permanent members, caused the situation where UN Council turned into a fake organization, unable to solve global conflicts. Now it is time to return to the case with Israel-Lebanon war, which is more complicated. It should be noted that this war is, virtually, the war of radical Arabs against Israeli country where, unfortunately, p eaceful civilians have to suffer. The UN Security Council has passed corresponding resolutions against both enemy parties Hezbollah organization and Israel.It must be observed that UN Security Council also passed the resolution concerning Hezbollah in 2004 , however, two years passed and it still was not applied either. Failure to fulfill this requirement was a formal ground for Israel to attack the territory of Lebanon. Moreover, the Security Cabinet of Israel agreed Israel ordain not give up its demand for Lebanon to implement U. N. resolution 1559, which calls for the disarmament of Hezbollah and any other militias, and the deployment of the Lebanese army in south Lebanon.(www. gopusa. com) However, scrutinizing this war in the context of the Arabs war against Israel, one should notice, that Israel made it its principle to violate UN resolutions as related to its enemies. It is necessary to mention the resolutions, the ground of which is the principle of land for peace (See res olutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003) at Global constitution Forum, July 13 2006). Also it must be noted that Hezbollah movement is supported by Syria and Iran.Syria regards Israel as enemy country due to the Israels occupation of Golan Heights, territory of Syria. The cessation of occupation of these territories, according to the land for peace resolution, would stop Syrias support of Hezbollah. Important in that confrontation is the position of the USA. One should mention Council resolution, vetoed by US, which was forwarded by Qatar as of July 13 2006. Some excerpts from this resolution are pertinent hereThe Security Council, Reaffirming all its relevant resolutions, in particular, 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002) and 1515(2003), Condemning military assault being carried out by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Gaza Strip, which has caused the killing and injury of dozens of Palestinian civilians, and the destruction of Palestinian place and civilian infrastructure, notably Gazas main power station, and condemning also the detention of democratically elected Palestinian and other stumbleicials, Condemning also the fire of rockets from Gaza into.Israel and the abduction of an Israeli soldier by Palestinian armed groups from Gaza, and the recent abduction and killing of an Israeli civilian in the West Bank, Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of the abducted Israeli soldier Calls upon the Palestinian Authority to take immediate and sustained action to bring an end to violence, including the firing of rockets on Israeli territory (Global Policy Forum, July 13 2006) What exactly in this resolution was unacceptable for Bushs administration that induced it to veto the given resolution?Was not it the fact that the resolution one more time reminded of systematic UN Council resolutions violation by Israel? Was not it a demonstration of double standards? The idea on this issue is clearly expressed in the article The Econ omist Israel ignores the United Nations and has weapons of mass destruction. So why all the fuss about Iraq? Soon after invading Kuwait in 1990, ibn Talal Hussein Hussein realized that he had made a mistake. But as the world debates the merits of another American-led war against Mr. Hussein, the idea has returned in a new form. Israel has profaned countless UN resolutions and amassed weapons of mass destruction, say those who oppose this war.Why then is Iraq singled out for yet more punishment while the Israelis get off scot-free? (www. economist. com, 2002). These question rest without answer. The analogy can be drawn between the case with Hezbollah and Israel and the behavior of a host as regards a thief. If a thief (Hezbollah) breaks into mortals house (Israel) so what shall a host do? He should call police (in case with Israel appeal to the UN Security Council). And what does the host do? He starts striking with his axe destroying everything on his way, including innocent n eighbours. But as it turns out the host is himself on the wanted list for countless crimes (resolutions violation).What is then in this situation a host, victim or criminal? And who is to be protected by police (by the USA)? Exactly such inconsistency between the crime and punishment, elevation of one party and humiliation of another, provokes the Muslim world to hate the U. S. policy. Israels actions are treated by Arab countries as a challenge to the whole Muslim world. The USA and its citizens began to be looked at as Israels supporters who can disregard and manipulate international law leaning on their military and economic might. For a common American citizen this is a terrible situation. In any place of the world he or she becomes an object of hatred.US governments attempt to protect its people in military manner (in Iraq) and ignoring Israels aggression created the situation when neither in Europe nor even at home the Americans can aroma safe (9/11 events). In other words, m ilitary methods, unapproved by world community, in fact, helped to solve Iraq or Hezbollah problems but immediately generated many other problems. But will Israel attain its aim (peace and remove the threat) when civilians die? Most probably it will not, while killed Hezbollah militants will be replaced by others those, who formerly were peaceful civilians but began to hate Israel because of bombings and there will be the same old story again.The way out from this predicament is to defend not only the interests of own nation and citizens but stand upon the values common to all mankind. Thus Israel defends its citizens by bombing Lebanon but it does not care for dying civilians what leads to conflict escalation . Like Israel, other countries are not governed by human values too. Thus BBC reporting on the evacuation of civilians from Lebanon states A British warship has dropped off 180 UK citizens in Cyprus, and is returning to Beirut to pick up more people, A Norwegian ferry has take n hundreds of Norwegians, Swedes and Americans to Cyprus, while a US-chartered ship has left over(p) Beirut with US citizens (BBC News). The immediate question arises should not they take first women and children from the territory of conflict?Only when American community realizes that human values are more important than any other, national, religious, ethnic or racial interests, and politicians adhere to this principle, only then the attitude of the world towards the USA and its citizens will change. Another aspect, that American community is confronted with, is constantly increasing military expenses. One can extirpate radicalism and extremism by military means but there is also a prospect first to find reasons that induce extremism and then try to eliminate these reasons. Thus Ahmad S. Mousalli in the article Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine claims that Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Palestine are plagued, in one way or another, with poverty, inflation, underemployment, and exploitation.Many Palestinians or Egyptians, for instance, may turn to Islamism because of the corruption of their political elites, exploitation of the nouveau riche, nepotism, favoritism and the like. (1996, 53) In this view the part of expenses, spent on army, could have been directed to support and reorganize economy of the Middle East countries. One more thing that deserves American communitys attention is that while possessing the veto power in UN Security Council, the US government abuses its power. To prove it there is a table below which shows the frequency of the use of the veto in the Security Council by different countries during the last decade. Period China* France Britain US Russia Total 2006 1 1 2005.2004 2 1 3 2003 2 2 2002 2 2 2001 2 2 2000 0 1999 1 1 1998 0 1997 1 2 3 1996 0 hold over is taken from Global Policy Forum Changing Patterns in the riding habit of the Veto in the Security Council Retrieved from http//globalpolicy. igc. org/security/data/vetotab. htm The USA has a grueling leading position in this table. This table is the confirmation of the following statement Many member states have expressed their criticism of the veto, arguing that the veto claim is an anachronism responsible for much of the Security Councils undemocratic and ineffective procedures.Not surprisingly, those enjoying the power of the veto dont want to give it up. (Global Policy Forum The Power of the Veto) So, the countries with veto power in Security Council should abandon it. Conclusion The situation around Israel and Lebanon is not an exceptional one it reflects the world(a) tension in the world. This war only confirms that the world policy desperately needs revision. It is necessary to establish new world order and the USA has to percentage point this process. International relations must be established upon the principles different from those existi ng today, in particular, economically powerful country while taking any actions is cause to take into account the interests of less developed countries.To settle conflicts it is necessary to resume the authority of United Nations and entitle it to make decisions as regards resorting to force in conflict settlement. The resolutions carried by this organization must be mandatory to all countries. This conclusion can be best supported by words uttered by the ex-president of the USA immediately after the cold war a new era-freer from the threat of terror, tighter in the pursuit of justice, and more secure in the quest for peace. An era in which the nations of the world, East and West, North and South, can prosper and live in harmony a world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle where the strong respect the rights of the weak. (Miller, Yetiv 2001, 56) Unfortunately, in 15 year period following that speech news line on BBC says The USA is going to accelerate military supplies of high-precision missiles to Israel. (BBC News) This is exactly the way George Bush junior and Israel decided to realize Bush seniors dream of the harmony in the world. Works Cited BBC News Dozens die in fresh Lebanon raids BBC News 19 July 2006. 22 July 2006 http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/middle_east/5193662. stm.Crahan, Margaret E. , Goering John, and Weiss Thomas G. Wars on Terrorism and Iraq Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U. S. Foreign Policy. New York Routledge, 2004. Global Policy Forum Draft Resolution Proposed by Qatar, Vetoed By US.. July 13, 2006 Global Policy Forum The Power of the Veto. July 2006 Global Policy Forum Changing Patterns in the Use of the Veto in the Security Council July 2006 Hezbollah battle along border. United Press International. Gopusa Israel. 19 July 2006 .Kirkwood-Tucker, Toni Fuss. Germanys Opposition to the Iraq War and Its Effect on U. S. -German Relations. well-disposed Education. 68. 4 (2004) 285+. Labott, Elise U. S. diplomatic o ptions limited in Israel-Lebanon conflict. CNN. com Jul 15, 2006.22 July 2006 Miller, Eric A. , and Yetiv Steve A. The New World Order in Theory and Practice The Bush Administrations Worldview in Transition. Presidential Studies Quarterly 31. 1 (2001) 56. Mousalli, Ahmad S. Islamist Perspectives of Regime Political Response The Cases of Lebanon and Palestine. Arab Studies Quarterly 18. 3 (1996) 53+. Press Release SC/8181. Security Council. 09 Feb. 2004 . 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 22 July 2006

Postpartum depression Essay

Research EnvironmentThe study is conducted at CCMC hospital specifically OB ward and OB ward extension only, set(p) at N. Bacalso St. Cebu City, 2nd floor at CCMC. The area contain 27 beds capacities. Its mission is to guarantee a sustain able-bodied and quality health for all, so that the abide by of compassion, care and teamwork will prevail. Research RespondentThe researchers respondents consisted of 50 mothers at 2-3 days post realmum. Respondents who met the researchers desired qualifications were picked to be a part of the study. Mothers within 2-3 days postpartum are typically chosen since the researchers of the study is concerned with detecting mothers who are at high risk for postpartum depression. To target population, the researchers had implicated mothers who returned for their follow up check in the hospitals OPD while still observing their 2-3 days postpartum. Sampling purposeThe researcher will be utilizing as subjects the teenage mothers in CCMC who watch had give n birth 2-3 days after. Thirty teenage mothers from the CCMC OB-ward are purposively handpicked. The researchers use the non-probability consume which is the purposive or judgment try to identify the participants suitable for the research.Research InstrumentThe instrument used by the researchers is the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS) to be able to collect data needed to determine the prevalence pass judgment of teenage mothers having the risk of postpartum depression. The EPDS have a standardized questionnaire, wherein the respondents will choose from the choices, these choices have the following corresponding patsyQUESTIONS 1, 2 , & 4 (without an *)Are scored 0, 1, 2 or 3 with top boxwood scored as 0 and the bottom box scored as 3.QUESTIONS 3, 510 (marked with an *)Are reverse scored, with the top box scored as a 3 and the bottom box scored as 0.Maximum score 30 Possible Depression10 or greater Always look at item 10 (suicidal thoughts)Research SamplingThe researchers utilized the non-probability sampling technique, specifically the judgemental sampling, where in the researchers purposely chose 2-3 days postpartum mothers because during the first day of postpartum some mothers are still exhausted, fatigued and irritable due to childbirth while beyond 4 days postpartum there is already a possibility of occurrence of the postpartum depression. The researchers focus on identifying prevalence rate of teenage mothers in CCMC at risk for postpartum depression and not to diagnose the condition.Research ProcedureData GatheringThe data gathering include the followingStandard preliminary steps will be taken such as consent letter will beforwarded to the different Barangay health centers and birthing homes who are part of this study.Upon approval, the data will be collected through distribution of questionnaires to the respondents.After which, the data will be collected, tallied, and subjected to statistical abridgment for further interpretation of data. Data AnalysisThe gathered data will be tabulated for the analysis which will bring out into focus the essential hold of the study. The statistical tools are to aid in organizing the organization and getting the general view of the said study. Top of Form

Meal-Delivery Startups Look for a Winning Recipe

The authors clearly show how high-tech is applied to polar areas of selling mix and supply fibril logistics to help meal-kit delivery companies create competitive advantage and have high customer satis evention and retention rates. Unfortunately the authors are not able to interpret us with the numbers for those rates, as they only state opinions of meal-kit entrepreneurs. The importance of computer applications is emphasized in a creation of the product to model recipes, measure potential demand and stay connected electronically with producers and supplies of meals ingredients.According to the authors, it allows companies more planning and agility while working with seasonal or variable ingredient supply and at the same time pursuing a goal of losing less than 1 % of perishable inventory, which would seem surprisingly low to the reader, comparing to produce waste and despoilation In other forage businesses. Internet, Mobil and social media technologies are the main methods us ed for promotion of the product to the target market of Americans who want to order fresh food online.This Is an Important aspect for growth, as young generations will probably appreciate mime saving and convenience of Internet ordered fresh meals, despite the fact that at $10-12 they are more expensive then store bought frozen dinners, for example. At the low-tech end companies outsource the delivery to the 3-d party, which reduces capital Investment, exclusively at the same time, the authors note, Involves risk of putting customer experience out of companies control.Computer technology also plays Important part In a supply train Integration. While technology cant always help In all aspects of business, the authors argue, by presenting the example of a meal-kit pending on its ingredients, they indicate, that another company plans to create their receive warehouse management software to help track orders and productivity of each of its workers. I found this article relevant to th e subject of our class, as it discusses many different aspects of marketing.It also combines feature which are important and interesting to me as a part of my Bal studies with its emphasis on importance of computer technology in elements of marketing mix, supply chain management, logistics and building business competitive advantage. As the future of the Internet grows so do the opportunities for business success for companies that utilize high-tech in their customer relationship management.Technology and sophisticated process of data mining allows innovative businesses to focus on details and customer experience and satisfaction by providing the products and run that their target audiences demand. I consider The Wall Street Journal a credible source as the newspaper is well established, has the largest circulation in US and a reputation of credibility. It has special emphasis on business and economic news.

All Day Kindergarten Essay

After critically analyzing the current kindergarten scheduling trends, there is a shift in many schools from half- sidereal twenty-four hour periodlight kindergarten programs towards full solar mean solar day kindergarten programs. A full day kindergarten or all day kindergarten program is a program in which pupils pay heed school each weekday for approximately vi hours. The growing number of all day kindergarten programs can be attributed to a change in the American society and education in general.To be specialised the growing number can be attributed to the increase in single parents and dual employment households and finally a general belief that all day programs better prepare children for school. There has been a looming legislation, which is going to give powers to the local, state and federal governments to control standards of education. Kindergarten education is targeted by this piece of legislation because it promotes all day kindergarten programs at the expense of half-day programs.I fully support this piece of legislation that promotes all day kindergarten programs because of the benefits that are inherent with the program. Its my prayers that the legislation is approved so that our schools can start churning push through very competitive graduates. I believe all day kindergarten programs are the best because of the following A seek conducted in 1990s reported a consistent positive academic outcome for all children enrolled in all day kindergarten programs.A subsequent investigate also showed that children who attended all day kindergarten programs scored higher points on standardized tests than their half day counter parts. Hough and Bryde found out that there is more severalize instruction in all day programs when compared to half-day programs. Individualized training makes it possible for the teacher to understand each and every need of the pupil and therefore attend to them accordingly. A research carried out by Cryan and his friend s found out that there was a positive kind between participation in full day kindergarten program and later academic success.After comparing similar half day and full day programs in a nationwide study, Cryan found out that full day kindergarteners exhibited more independent learning, classroom involvement, and productivity in work with peers and reflectivity than half-day kindergarteners. Other researches pointed out that there is a clear relationship between the kind of kindergarten program and the childrens behavior. Teachers rated children in all day kindergarten higher. (Cryan et al, 1992).Other researchers who have studied social and behavioral outcomes found out those children in all day kindergarten programs were engaged in child-to-child interactions and this had a positive effect in building their learning, communication and social skills. (Elicker & Mathur, 1997). The full day kindergarteners were more potential to approach the teacher they expressed less anger, shyness , withdrawal and blaming behavior than half-day kindergarteners. Both teachers and parents whose children were enrolled in all day kindergarten proved that all day programs better prepared children for their first grade.They also indicated preference for all day kindergarten because of the more relaxed atmosphere, more time for creative activities and more opportunity for students to develop their own interests. The teachers also reason they had more time to know the children and their families thus enabling them to better meet the childrens specific needs. (Elicker & Mathur, 1997) Its definite that there are more positives in all day kindergarten programs but its important to remember that what the children are doing during the day is more important than the length of the day.Experts are warning administrators and parents against full day kindergarten programs that are academically rather than intellectually engaging in tone. Some of the intellectually engaging activities that sh ould be incorporated in all day kindergarten programs intromit the following 1. Programs that emphasize language development. 2. Programs that offer balance of small group, big group and individual activities. 3. Programs that asses pupils progress through close teacher observation and interrogative sentence of pupils work. 4.Programs that develop childrens social and interpersonal skills including conflict resolution strategies. 5. Programs that involve children in first hand experience and informal interaction with objects, other children and adults. (Rothenberg, 1995) To successfully implement this project, the government should commence creating space and teacher capacity. It should also set aside enough funds to make sure the schools can afford equipment needed for all day kindergarten programs. References Cryan, J. R. , Sheehan, R. , Wiechel, J. , & Bandy-Hedden, I. G. (1992).Success outcomes of full-day kindergarten More positive behavior and increased achievement in the y ears after. Early childhood research quarterly, 7(2), 187-203. EJ 450 525 Elicker, J. , & Mathur, S. (1997). What do they do all day? Comprehensive evaluation of a full-day kindergarten. Early childhood research quarterly, 12(4), 459-480. EJ 563 073. Hough, D. , & Bryde, S. (1996, April). THE EFFECTS OF FULL-DAY KINDERGARTEN ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT AND AFFECT. Paper presented at the one-year conference of the American Educational Research Association, New York ED 395 691.

Top 3 Leading Telecom Providers in the Philippines

new Communications, Inc. ( burnished) Background Smart Communications, Inc. (Smart) is the Philippines leading wireless services provider with 52. 1 million subscribers on its GSM network as of end-September 2012. Smart has built a reputation for innovation, having introduced world-first wireless offerings such as Smart Money, Smart Load, Smart Padala, the Netphone, and Smart LTEthe worlds first multi-band LTE service.Smart also offers 3G and HSPA+ services, era its satellite service, Smart Link, provides communications to the global maritime industry. Smart Broadband, Inc. , a wholly-owned subsidiary, offers a wireless wideband service, Smart Broadband, with 1. 69 million subscribers as of end-September 2012. Smart is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Philippines leading telecommunications carrier, the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company. Programs Globe telecom Inc. BackgroundGlobe Business is the corporate arm of Globe Telecom, the leading busy telecommunications company in the Philippines. Globe Business provides wireless and wireline solutions for a diverse set of industries, businesses, and commercial enterprises. We assure affordable, reliable, and dependable services for all your communication needs. At Globe Business, we provide you solutions that fit. Globe Telecom has a very established history in telecommunications for both consumers and businesses.A pioneer in mobile telecommunications, Globe Telecom seeks to create and deliver products and services that bring customers closer to their aspirations, and connect them with the people and events that matter to them the most. Globe Telecom caters to more than 25 million people, along with 650,000 wireline and broadband users. The company also counts 100,000 businesses among its clients. Globe Business offers you wireless and wireline solutions that address all your company needs, ensuring your enterprise the highest possible profit for the lowest possible cost.

Next Generation DNA Sequencing Technologies Biology Essay

Motivation Recent technological promotions in the field of genomics render resulted in pursual Generation deoxyribonucleic acid Sequencing Technologies. These engineering intelligences have created ballyhoo among scientists since they modify inexpensive and faster sequencing of the desoxyribonucleic acid as comp atomic number 18d to traditional methods. Data Analysis, Genome sequencing and alliances have now become easier out-of-pocket to the NGS. NGS are deriving the market twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and there is a ferocious competition amongst companies to capture the market of bioinformatics. Nevertheless, NGS does hold some mistake profiles yet they have managed to revolutionise the field of bioinformatics and the perceptual experience of scientists on research and genome sequencing.debutDeoxyribonucleic acid sequencing has gained much popularity since 1977 when the sequencing method of Maxam and Gilbert every bit good as the Sanger sequencing method came to visible radiation ( Hutchison III, 2007 ) . However, the Sanger sequencing engineering was more widely accepted and has captured the market for the past 20 old ages ( Metzker, 2010 ) . The Sanger engineering at any rate known as the dideoxy method ( Casals et al. , 2011 ) , played a crucial function in decoding the whole genome while and harmonizing to Metzker ( 2010 ) this technique has contributed to a batch of major accomplishments, viz. the Human Genome Project amongst many others. Bateman & A Quackenbush ( 2009 ) flush back up that the major milepost of the Human Genome Project was the sexual climax of panoply of invigorated engineerings that emerged from sequencing the foremost mention genome and engineerings that en suitabled the desoxyribonucleic acid sequencing instead than completing the sequencing of the whole genome.It is full-strength that the dideoxy method has been around for rather some clip now, but due to its restrictions and the new technological promoti ons, novel and more robust engineerings known as the Following Generation Technologies have seen the visible radiation of the twenty-four hours. The Sanger engineering is classified as the first multiplication engineering and the latest engineerings developed for sequencing genomes fall in the class of Following Generation Technologies ( Metzker, 2010 ) .The chief advantage of the Following Generation Sequencing Technology is the fact that the genome can be chronological successiond in analogue, therefore work forthing a larger figure of reads as compared to the Sanger method and in a much shorter sum of clip ( Hutchison III, 2007 ) . The high efficiency of the newer engineerings consequences from the fact that they use the latest instruments interchangeable high declaration imagination and more efficient algorithms amongst others. In general, the Following Generation Technologies use shorter reads to fix the procedure of sequencing ( Hutchison III, 2007 ) nevertheless, this rai ses the inquiry of whether the assembly of the short star reads is accurate plenty to bring forth the right sequence. From a scientific point of position, a larger figure of reads implies a greater coverage across the genome and therefore histories for the good truth in the genome assembly of the Following Generation Technologies. Hutchison III ( 2007 ) agrees to the fact that this is one of the grounds behind the truth and celerity of the newer engineerings. However, the genome surface is another parametric quantity that has to be taken into consideration since it plays an of import function in finding the coverage. Furthermore, another benefit of the Following Generation Technologies is the top executive to sequence genomes at a lower cost since harmonizing to Mardis ( n.d ) the new engineerings are far cheaper.Despite being fresh in the market, the Following Generation Technologies have captured a just portion of the industry and are doing scientists to look at biological jo bs in a different position ( Mardis, 2008 ) .In this reappraisal, a some chief commercial Next Generation Technologies are discussed and a comparing is made among them. A biological application utilizing the Illumina/Solexa Genome Analyzer is described and the challenges that conventional bioinformatics is confronting due to Following Generation Technologies are besides brought frontward.Following Generation DNA SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIESRecently, there has been a major roar in commercially purchasable package for genome sequencing. The well-nigh celebrated 1s are Roche, Illumina/Solexa Genome Analyzer, Applied Biosystems SOLiDTM System, Helicos HeliscopeTM and Pacific Bio skills SMRT ( Mardis, 2008 ) .Roche 454/ FLX pyrosequencerRoche 454 DNA sequenator was released in twelvemonth 2004 ( Mardis, 2008 ) .The first measure to sequence the DNA involves a library cook where the Deoxyribonucleic acid sampling is fragmented into smaller pieces of approximately 400 to 600 musical theme brace. After that, A and B adapters are attached to the Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments which are so split into singular strands. The single strands now have A and B adapters attached to them. The DNA library fragments are placed upon really bantam agarose string of beads such that one bead relates to merely one DNA fragment ( Mardis, 2008 ) . PCR reactants and emulsion oil is added to the solution which is shaken smartly so that the Polymerase concatenation chemical reply can be initiated. The beads are normally isolated in single H2O mielectric stalles where the Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments get replicated bring forthing about one one million million transcripts of each DNA fragment per bead ( 454LifeSciences, n.d ) . The beads are so placed on a PicoTiterPlate which contains little Wellss one for each bead. The well is besides filled with gaining control beads which contain an enzyme which helps in the sequence by synthesis attack that Roche uses ( 454LifeSciences, n.d ) .Once this readying has been done, the PicoTiterPlate is loaded in the Roche 454 machine. After that, the 4 bases solutions are loaded in the machine and are washed over the home base consecutive in one sequencing tally. Once, the base starts to adhere with the DNA fragment, the enzyme in the bead detects the incorporation of the base and finally releases visible radiation ( Mardis, 2008 ) . This light signal is detected by a CCDA camera and is recorded on a laddergram. Normally, the sum of visible radiation produced is dependent on the figure of bases incorporated ( 454LifeSciences, n.d ) . Finally, a set of flowgrams is obtained and analysed to bring forth DNA sequences which are so functionped against a mention sequence for assembly.Illumina/Solexa Genome AnalyserIllumina sequencing can be broken down into three stairss. The initial measure starts with the library readying in which the Deoxyribonucleic acid sample is sheared into fragments of about 800 base braces and dickens s pecific arrangers are ligated to each terminal of the fragments. The following stage is known as bunch coevals in which Illumina uses span e research laboration PCR to bring forth multiple transcripts of the DNA. Illumina uses an 8 channel flow cell incorporating a immense sum of primers bounded to its surface. The exclusive stranded Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments are so bound at random in the surface of channels of the flow cell to make transcripts ( Staehling, 2008 ) . A serial of un denominate bases and enzymes are washed over the channels to get down the span elaboration procedure. The individual stranded fragments go dual isolated during the reaction and they are denatured to obtain individual isolated molecules. This rhythm is repeated legion times which ends in 1000000s of bunchs of DNA molecules found in the channels of the flow cell ( Staehling, 2008 ) . Once cluster coevals has completed, the bunch are now ready for sequencing, which is the last phase. The flow cell is so loaded in Illumina which sequences 1000000s of bunchs at the same time. In the first rhythm, fluorescently labeled bases are added and all of them compete to adhere to the templet. Once the incorporation takes topographic point, the remainder of the bases are removed and the bunchs are excited by a optical maser to acquire a image of the flow cell and observe the freshly incorporated base. This procedure is repeated several(prenominal)(prenominal) times. Base naming is used to place the bases in the sequence images as shown in Figure 1. A mention genome is besides used to ease sequencing and epitome ( Staehling, 2008 ) .Fig. . Stairss in Illumina Sequencing ( Goldstein, 2009 )Applied Biosystems SOLiDTM SystemApplied Biosystems DNA sequencing is divided into five stairss viz. sample readying, Emulsion PCR, Ligation, Imaging and Data Analysis severally. Two picks for sample readying are available viz. a fragment library or a mate-pair library. In both picks, the Deoxyribonucleic a cid is sheared and arrangers are ligated to the fragments. A fragment library incorporates a individual piece of DNA fragment while a mate-pair library binds two pieces of DNA which are at a known distance in the sample. The libraries contain legion molecules and each molecule undergoes clonal elaboration under emulsion PCR. The sample is so enriched with magnetic beads which are so covalently bonded to a glass slide. Applied Biosystems provides the flexibleness to analyze one, four or eight samples per slide. The templet beads are so assorted with a cosmopolitan sequence primer, ligase and a batch of Di-base investigations. The latter are fluorescently labelled with four spots. Each dye represents four of the 16 dinucleotide bases. The template sequence gets hybridised with the investigation and is ligated. Once fluorescence is measured, the dye is cleaved off go forthing a 3-5 premier phosphate for farther reaction. This procedure can be repeated n times to widen the read aloofn ess which is usually 35 base brace ( Mardis, 2008 ) . The synthesised strand is removed and a new primer is formed which has a one base displacement and ligation rhythms are repeated. The primer reset procedure is repeated for 5 unit of ammunitions. Bar encryption and the decryption matrix is normally used to garner the sequenced informations for synopsis ( Yutao et al. , 2008 ) .Heliscope TMHeliscope uses the individual molecular sequencing attack. The Deoxyribonucleic acid sample is cut in short lengths of about 100-200 base brace ( Wash & A Image, 2008 ) .A poly ( A ) priming cosmopolitan sequence is added to the 3 premier terminal of each Deoxyribonucleic acid strand. Each strand is so attached to a fluorescent adenosine polynucleotide. The strands are so transferred onto the heliscope flow cell which contains many T gaining control sites that are spread on its surface. Each single DNA templet so hybridizes to the surface of the flow cell. The flow cell is loaded into the Heli scopeTM instrument and a optical maser enlightens its surface demoing the place of each fluorescently labelled templet. A CCDA camera is used to bring forth a map of the templets by taking multiple images of the flow cell in an organized manner. After imagination, the templet label is cleaved and washed off. Sequencing takes topographic point by adding DNA polymerase and any fluorescently labelled nucleotide to the flow cell. T gaining control sites service sequencing primers by the tSMS procedure ( Wash & A Image, 2008 ) . DNA polymerase speeds up the binding of the labeled bases to the set of primers harmonizing to the templet. A wash up procedure removes the Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase and any boundless bases. The recent incorporation is so visualised by lighting and imaging the flow cell surface. The cleavage is so removed and the procedure is repeated in the same manner for all the staying bases until the desired read length is achieved. Sequencing informations is self- collected with each new base add-on. Using the tSMS procedure, every strand is alone and sequenced independently ( Wash & A Image, 2008 ) .Pacific Biosciences SMRTPacific Biosciences uses the individual molecule attack in a existent clip manner, hence SMRT. First, the single bases are labeled with a different fluorescent coloring material which is attached to the terminal phosphate alternatively of the base of the base. This characteristic allows the DNA polymerase enzyme to split off the fluorescent label when a base is incorporated. The undermentioned procedure emits light which can be captured in a nano-photonic chamber known as the Zero Mode Waveguide ( Metzker, 2010 ) . Nucleotides flow in and out of the chamber of the ZMW and when DNA polymerase initiates the incorporation of a base, it takes several nanoseconds during which its fluorescent label is excited and the visible radiation emitted is captured by a sensor. After adhering, the label is cleaved away and it diffuses off . The whole procedure is repeated and the different flare-up of visible radiations corresponds to different bases which are recorded and analysed by research workers ( Metzker, 2010 ) .Comparison of the platformsTable.Comparison of the Following Coevals PlatformsThe mentions 1 and 2 refers to ( Gupta et al. , 2010 ) and ( Metzker, 2010 ) severally. There are some disagreements between the two documents refering the throughput, run clip and read length. Metzker states that one of the advantages of Illumina is the fact that it is widely popular which does non represent a truly strong point.Biological ApplicationNGS Technologies can be used to obtain the places of nucleosomes with regard to DNA which can be helpful to understand their function in the ordinance of written schoolbook ( Schones et al. , 2008 ) .Schones et Al. ( 2008 ) describes the experimental processs in different phases.The first measure involved the readying of the nucleosome solution. In this stage, CD4 + T ce lls were incubated with anti CD3 and anti CD28 so as to trip the cells for 18 hours. After that, the T cells were treated with MNASE to bring forth the mononucleosomes. Deoxyribonucleic acid fragments of about 150 base braces in length were obtained from the agarose gel and ligated to the Solexa flow cells. These were so sequenced utilizing the Illumina/Solexa Genome Sequencing machine.The following stage involved the analysis of all the informations being generated from the sequenator. Solexa grapevine analysis was the first one to be carried out where sequenced reads of 25 base brace was mapped to the human genome ( hg18 ) and merely the duplicate 1s were kept and others discarded. Nucleosome marking was facilitated since the sequenced reads acted as an input in the marking map to bring forth a nucleosome profile. This was achieved by utilizing a skiding window of about 10 base brace. The following measure involved sorting cistron sets and this was achieved utilizing microarray e xperiments. Polymerase II procrastinating analysis was carried out in an mRNA-level based attack so as to place which cistrons contained stalled, elongate or no Polymerase II. The sequence reads were so modelled as a Poisson distribution of the whole genome to descry the sliding window with Polymerase II. Each cistron set was so aline so as to analyse the Transcription start site found near the cistrons. Nucleosome degrees specific to a nucleosome place were so quantified by utilizing aligned reads and window values.At the terminal of the experiments, the consequences found by the research workers stated the nucleosome place relation to DNA had a direct correlativity with written text ordinance affecting RNA polymerase II binding. Some of the experiments consequences can be depicted in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4 severally.Fig. . Maping Nucleosome Positions by the Solexa Sequencing Technique ( Schones et al. , 2008 )Fig. . Nucleosome phasing environing TSSs ( Schones et al. , 2008 )Fig. Nucleosome Phasing near TSSs Is Correlated with Pol II Binding ( Schones et al. , 2008 )ChallengeFollowing coevals sequencing engineerings have so created a revolution refering DNA sequencing and has opened the doors to a new field which is really different from that of traditional sequencing methods. There is a ferocious competition between companies to bring forth up to day of the month, fast and sure sequencing methods. However, despite all the advantages that NGS brought along, they still pose several challenges to the field of bioinformatics.Data DelugeFollowing Generation sequencing engineerings are taking at bring forthing immense sum of informations and at a lower monetary value ( Kircher & A Kelso, 2010 ) . In fact, it is even possible to contemplate the option of sequencing the whole genome of an being at merely $ 1000 in the close hereafter ( Pareek et al. , 2011 ) . All these new sequencing informations seems truly appealing at one terminal but considered si gnifier another point of position, it mightiness go debatable in the long tally. The mere fact of cut downing the cost of sequencing or sequencing engineerings implies that sequencing will be easy accessible. This implies that, any research lab or even people at place would be able to sequence genomes. In this current epoch itself, information handling is rather muffled with all the databases holding portion of the information and some non holding them at all. New organisational ways and protocols will hold to be defined to guarantee that there exists a consensus between all the information that will come pouring into the databases. Optimized filters will be needed to distinguish between debris informations, duplicated informations and equal informations. take down new databases or information warehouses will hold to be built to guarantee none of the information is wasted and everything has been kept in a convertible format.ResourcesThe fact that NGS is traveling at such a immen se gait raises the inquiry of whether the current province of hardware and package will be able to manage the burden of information that it will be bring forthing.Fig. Historical tendencies in storage monetary values versus DNA sequencing costs ( Stein, 2010 )The graph in Figure 4 denotes the rate at which the cost of DNA sequencing per $ is increasing every bit compared to that of the difficult disc storage. It can besides be seen that the NGS causes a immense displacement in the sum of informations per $ and even by-passing the rate of disc storage. This information is cardinal because it shows that disc infinite or storage of high throughput informations might go debatable in the close hereafter. More processing power and RAM will hold to be allocated to the NGS applications for them to run swimmingly. Cloud computer science can be a solution to this peculiar issue but it depends on the sum of information that is generated every bit good. If cloud computer science is brought in t he image, so new algorithms and parallel computer science will hold to be implemented to manage this job.Huge assortment, less consensusNowadays, there is a commodious assortment of commercially available NGS engineerings. However, there is no consensus about the read length, throughput or runtime of the bundles which can be demonstrated by Table 1. Choosing which bundle is optimum for sequence alliance sometimes go really boring since the truth of each is non definite and standardized. Developing even newer engineerings can make more mayhem about truth, therefore the demand for standardisation foremost.DecisionNGS engineerings have provided a batch of installations in footings of Deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing to the life scientists. When compared to the Sanger sequencing, NGS engineerings sequencing is much cheaper and faster. Nevertheless, Sanger sequencing remains one of the basic pillars of DNA sequencing since the mistake rates and profiles are much less as compared to that of NGS engineerings ( Kircher & A Kelso, 2010 ) . Equally long as the genome will stay a enigma to the scientists, the coming of following coevals engineerings will go on in order to decode the familial codification.

The Micro and Macro Factors That Would Affect Airasia’s Performance

INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO REFERENCE Bibliography Citations essential be consistent in beginning name(s) (spelling and name order) and publication date amid the text edition and the bibliography at the end. Any reference in the text must be matched by a full entry in the end bibliography. Entries in the bibliography must be matched by entries in the text if nor they should be deleted. Citations must include all reading prerequisite to enable the reader to locate the referenced publication. The examples in the format section below reflect the teaching considered adequate for each type of publication.Citations should be in alphabetical order by the first authors hold out name (if at that place is a name) by the first word of the publication or authoring organization if there is no author name. Citations in text Authors last name (20**) found that Recent studies (Last name 20** last name, last name, and last name 20** last name 20**) flyer the pursuit a semi-colon separates entr ies, there is no comma before the date, there is a comma before the and in multiple author listings. Citations in references Books Ward, John W. (1987). Keeping the Family Business Healthy. San Francisco, Calif. Jossey Bass. Note the hook up withing Author label and publication date argon formatted like journal entries. Books are italicized and followed by a period. Publication information includes the papers location with city and state followed by a colon and then the publishers full name. Journal Articles Hoy, Frank, and Trudy G. Verser (1994). rising Business, Emerging Field Entrepreneurship and the Family Firm, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19 (1), 9-23. Note the following Initials or first names follow the first authors name, but precede the last name for subsequent authors.There is a comma before the and between author names, even if there are only 2 authors/ There is a period by and by the date. Article surnames use initial caps (excluding conjunctions and prep ositions) and are blocked by double quotation marks. There is a comma between article title and journal title the comma is inside the quotes. Journal titles are italicized. The column number is not italicized. Neither Vol. or No. are used. Thus, Vol. 19, No. 1 = 19 (1). There is no pp. before the page numbers. Articles in edited publications Kaslow, Florence W. and S. Kaslow (1992). The Family that Works Together Special Problems of Family Businesses, in Work, Families, and Organizations. Ed. S. Zedeck. San Francisco, Calif. Jossey Bass, 312-361. Note the following Author names, publication dates and article title are formatted like journal articles. intention In before book title title is italicized. Precede editors name with Ed. (which means edited by thus Eds. is inappropriate). do initials before last names. Put a period between the editors names and the publisher information.Include and format publisher information like a book. Include the page numbers (no pp. ) n the b ook where the article is located. document presented at conferences or other meetings Pleck, John (1979). Work-Family Conflict A National Assessment, paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems, Boston, Mass. , May. Note the following Author names, publication dates and article title are formatted like journal articles. Include type of meeting, sponsoring organization, location, and date of meeting.If there are printed proceedings for the conference, say the entry as an article in an edited publication. Theses and Dissertations Simic, James (1993). A Comparison of SMEs in Greenland and the Fiji Islands, Ph. D. dissertation, University of Fjord, 23-26. Note the following Author names, publication dates and article title are formatted like journal articles. Type of overwork (Masters thesis or Ph. D. dissertation) should be indicated, as well as academic institution. Website documentation West Virginia function of Business and Economic Res earch (2001). Economic Outlook Conference.

Dividend Policy and Share Prices

world In this paper the impact of dividend policy of the companies on the debaucheds sh ar sets is analysed and diametrical thinkings in the context of the semifinal- sound form of the efficient mart hypothesis are contrasted. The overview of the traditional and most recent empirical investigations of the stock market reaction to the dividend annunciations is abided and different findings are discussed and compared. tercet companies create been selected from the FTSE All character price index. These companies are Tesco, Burberry and Vodafone. These securelys belong to different empyreans of the economy.Tesco is the largest retailer in the UK, Burberry is a fashion firm and Vodafone is the telecommunication services bon ton. The dividends and accounts confine been retrieved from annual reports of the companies (Tesco, 2011 Burberry, 2011 Vodafone, 2011). The trade prices were sourced from bumpkin Finance (2012). The copies of the bon ton accounts are provided in the appendices. Dividend Policies of Companies These ternary companies were chosen for the following reasons. Firstly, it was intended to choose large companies that ca-ca an effected dividend policy and r correctue of more than ? billion a year. Secondly, the companies from different industries had to be analysed. Thirdly, both services sector and goods sector were intended to be analysed. Finally, it was interesting to compare both pro-cyclical firms (e. g. Burberry) and counter-cyclical firms (e. g. Vodafone). The former are very slight to the effects of the economic recession whereas the latter are less sensitive beca rehearse consumers would still have to use mobile phones and services regardless of their financial position.The dividend payout ratio has been calculated for these companies for the period from 2007 to 2011. The following formula was utilize Dividend payout ratio = dividends per distribute / lolly per share The results are summarised in the following go in. Fi gure 1 Dividend Payout Ratios source Annual Reports of Tesco (2011), Burberry (2011) and Vodafone (2011) The payout ratios indicate different dividend policies adopted by the three companies. Tescos policy is aimed at maintaining a constant dividend payout ratio, which is very common for mature industries such as retailing.In these industries the majority of the large companies are nones cows for the investors and therefore the dividend policy tends to show constant payout ratios, which inspires trust in the company and expectation of approaching stability. In contrast, the dividend policies of Vodafone and Burberry are not aimed at a constant payout ratio. In fact, as the following figure demonstrates, the policies of Vodafone and Burberry are aimed at dividend growth. Figure 2 Final DividendsSource Annual Reports of Tesco (2011), Burberry (2011) and Vodafone (2011) However, whereas Vodafone demonstrates a steady dividend growth strategy, Burberry demonstrates the a strategy t hat does not show a specific pattern but can be interpreted as a gradeal to the market because in 2009 the company inform the dividends that were equal to the dividends announced in the previous year in spite of the accounting losses suffered by the firm which were reflected in negative earnings per share (Appendix C).This move can be interpreted as a sign that the management attempted to signal the market that the losses are temporary and the company was expected to domesticise quickly. It is interesting to note that the latter policy is inconsistent with the position that dividends should be paid out of earnings rather than accumulated capital or reserves. Furthermore, the companies could undertake an alternative dividend policy which would imply linking the dividend payout to the investment opportunities that could be managed by firms (Brealey and Myers, 2003).If the company has many projects that offer incontrovertible net present value, then it would be recommended that div idends could be retained and reinvested in the firm. Only residual earnings, which are left after investments in all positive NPV projects could be distributed as dividends (Bodie et al, 2009). Dividend resolutions and Share Prices Dividend announcements and their impact on share prices can be explained by the semi strong form of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH).Efficient market hypothesis implies that the only thing that may impact the stock prices is new discipline, since all other possibly influencing parameters are already included in the firms stock price (Palan, 2004). The efficient market hypothesis may be shared out into three forms the weak form, the semi-strong form, and the strong form. The weak form implies that share prices bear or reflect the agone prices and trade volume information, the semi-strong form adds publicly available information to the weak form, and the strong form adds even insider information to the efficiency approach (Harder, 2008).Empirical evidences show that successive changes in stock prices are independent and this liberty is in line with the efficient market hypothesis, as markets pronto react to the new information (Fama et al. , 1969). In this context it may be assumed that dividend announcements have a bun in the oven particular positive information intimately the company and provide signals about future consummation of the firm. The decision about paying dividends is made by the firms managers and often supported by shareholders voting.Since dividend announcements bear useful information, from the efficient market hypothesis view point this information is reflected in the share price changes immediately after the public announcement (Bodie et al, 2009). The three companies that were chosen have been used to test the semi strong form of the EMH and whether the dividends announcements made by Tesco, Vodafone and Burberry had a monumental impact on shareholder returns and share prices. So, the null hypothes es of the analysis are the followingH0 Dividends have a positive and significant effect on the share prices H0 Dividends have a positive and significant effect on the weekly stock returns. The alternative hypotheses are the following Halt Dividends do not have a significant effect on the share prices Halt Dividends do not have a significant effect on the weekly stock returns. According to EMH in its semi strong form, the information on dividends should be quickly absorbed into the stock prices during the first week and hence the toleration of the null hypotheses will be consistent with the semi strong efficiency.However, if supernormal returns persist in the longish run, e. g. three months, the EMH in the semi strong form can be rejected. Empirical evidences also provide support for the semi-strong efficient market hypothesis, implying that stock market efficiently and quickly adjusts to new information about dividends (Aharony and Swary, 1980). However, the research of Amihud a nd Li (2006) finds that the reaction of stock market to dividend announcement is not constant. It is concluded that cumulative abnormal returns promoted by dividend announcements decline to zero in due course.The findings suggest that dividend announcement are less illuminating over time, and this may be related to the reluctance of managers to pay extra expenses related to dividends (Amihud and Li, 2006). Moreover, the recent flow in propensity of companies to pay dividends is or sotimes related to the lower informational contend of dividend announcements. Since institutional investors are normally better informed and tend to play key roles in public firms, the costly dividends have construct a less popular way to provide information (Baker, 2009).The study of Asquth and Mullins (1983) also suggests that stock prices and shareholders wealth are impacted by initiation and increase of dividends. Moreover, the effect of dividend increase is stronger than the influence of dividend initiation. The results are in line with assumption that dividend announcements bear valuable information for investors. Dividend policy may be used as a simple way to signal managers view of the companys recent and future performance (Asquth and Mullins, 1983). However, it must be stated that dividend policies are not directly influencing share prices and lead to their changes.Instead, dividend policies are changed by managers when some fundamental developments in companys performance are expected, and these developments cause the change of the share prices. Thus, dividend announcement is only the way for investors to obtain information about these fundamental developments. Similarly, there are no evidences that a company value may be increased through increase of dividends, since dividends only convey signals about fundamental changes in the company and are viewed as only by-products of the changes (Moles et al. 2011). Nevertheless, the study of Shiller (1981) challenges the effic ient market hypothesis suggesting that the volatility of stock prices are too high to be explained by the future dividends. A more recent investigation of Mehnidiratta and Gupta (2010) supports the semi-strong form of efficient market hypothesis concluding that stock prices promptly and accurately react to the publicly available information, particularly to dividend announcements. The two- present study tests the share prices response to dividend announcement.The first stage included the evaluation of beta based on post facto returns on stock and market index and predicted returns on every of the stocks. The twinkling stage these values were used to calculate abnormal returns around the solar day of announcement. The results provide information that though investors do not obtain significant value prior to the dividend announcement day or on the event day, they do gain value after the announcement. Investors move their pledge positions on the announcement day which implies that a fter the event day there is informational value in dividend announcement.The evidences assure that the increases in dividends imply more positive abnormal stock returns, and this supports the efficient market hypothesis (Mehnidiratta and Gupta, 2010). just now there are also empirical evidences of little stock market reaction to dividend announcements at some periods (Hasan et al. , 2012). The event study methodology was used to evaluate the effect of cash dividend announcements on the share prices. The entropy about abnormal returns around the event day was analysed and the events before, on, or after the announcement day were pooled.The tried and true assumption states that payment of cash dividends is the most significant factor that impacts all prices around the event long time (Hasan et al. , 2012). In the following figures the results of the regression analysis and statistical tests applied to the regressions are presented. Table 1 cause of Dividends on Investor Weekly R eturn Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. illusion Beta 1 (Constant) .012 .009 1. 375 .175 Dividend -. 002 .002 -. 143 -1. 030 .308 Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. faulting of the Estimate imension0 1 .143a .020 .001 .03489 a. Predictors (Constant), Dividend According to the first regression, dividends do not have a significant impact on the weekly stock returns and hence the null hypothesis related to stock returns is rejected. However, the output from the regression of share prices on dividends demonstrates that the former have a statistically significant positive influence on the share price performance. This was evidenced with the t-test. Table 2 Effects of Dividends on Share Prices Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 151. 362 47. 949 3. 157 .003 Dividend 45. 955 9. 186 .574 5. 003 .000 Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estima te dimension0 1 .574a .329 .316 191. 66266 a. Predictors (Constant), Dividend Thus, the null hypothesis related to the effects of dividends on the share prices is accepted. R-squared test has revealed that the second regression had a better fit. Conclusion As the semi-strong efficient market hypothesis suggests, new information including dividend announcement is quickly reflected in the companys stock prices.Some empirical evidences support the hypothesis (Fama et al. , 1969 Aharony and Swary, 1980). other findings suggest that the impact of the announcements may decline in the course of time (Amihud and Li, 2006). The recent empirical studies that were reviewed support the semi-strong efficient market hypothesis and find that dividend announcements produce abnormal returns and are positively related to the share prices (Mehnidiratta and Gupta, 2010). But another event study displays different reaction of stock prices to dividend announcement in different years (Hasan et al. , 2012 ).The analysis in the paper was conducted in the context of three UK based companies from different sectors. The dividend policies of these companies have been analysed. Furthermore, the relationships between the share prices and the dividends were tested. It was found that the dividends produced a positive and statistically significant effect on the share prices but no significant effect on weekly returns. References Aharyny, J. and Swary, I. (1980) Quarterly Dividend and Earnings Announcements and Stockholders Returns An Empirical epitome, The Journal of Finance, 31 (1), pp. 1-12. Amihud, Y. nd Li, K. (2006) The Declining cultivation Content of Dividend Announcements and the Effects of Institutional Holdings, Journal of Financial and numerical Analysis, 41, pp. 637-660. Asquith, P. and Mullins, D. W. Jr. (1983) The Impact of Initiating Dividend Payments on Shareholders Wealth, The Journal of Business, 56 (1), pp. 77-96. Baker, H. K. (2009) Dividends and dividend policy. radica l Jersey John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Bodie, Z. , Kane, A. and Marcus, A. (2009) Investments, Hoboken McGraw pitchers mound Professional. Brealey, R. and Myers, S. (2003) Principles of Corporate Finance, New York McGraw Hill.Burberry (2011) Annual Reports and Accounts, online Available at www. burberryplc. com/bbry/results-centre/respre/rep2011/ Accessed 6 February 2012. Fama, E. F. , Fisher, L. , Jensen, M. C. and Roll, R. (1969) The Adjustment of Stock Prices to New Information, International Economic Review, 10 (1), pp. 1-21. Field A. (2005) Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, London Sage Publications. Gujarati, D. (1995) Basic Econometrics. 3rd ed. , New York McGraw-Hill. Harder, S. (2008) The Efficient Market conjecture and Its Application to Stock Markets, Scholarly Research Paper, Germany GRIN Verlag.Hasan, S. B. , Akhter, S. and Huda, H. A. E. (2012) Cash Dividend Announcement Effect Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3 (2), pp. 12-24. Maddala, G. S. (2001) Introduction to Econometrics. 3rd ed. , Hoboken John Wiley & Sons. Mehnidiratta, N. and Gupta, S. (2010) Impact of Dividend Announcement on Stock Prices, International Journal of Information applied science and Knowledge Management, 2 (2), pp. 405-410. Moles, P. , Parrino, R. and Kidwell, D. (2011) Fundamentals of Corporate Finance European Edition. UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Palan, S. 2004) The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Validity in Todays Markets, M. A. Thesis. Germany GRIN Verlag. Shiller, R. J. (1981) Do Stock Prices Move Too Much to be warrant by Subsequent Changes in Dividends? , NBER Working Paper No. 456. Tesco (2011) Annual Report and Accounts online Available at ar2011. tescoplc. com/ Accessed 6 February 2012. Vodafone (2011) Annual Report and Accounts online Available at http//www. vodafone. com/content/index/investors/reports/annual_report. html Accessed 6 February 2012. Yahoo Finance (2012) Weekly Share Prices online Available at finan ce. yahoo. co. uk Accessed 6 February 2012.

American society Essay

Childcare and primordial kidskincare pedagogy must be a priority for parents. It wad be the difference between success and unsuccessful person in American society. High quality early childhood education prepare children to succeed and name better citizens, they make higher wages, pay more taxes, and commit fewer crimes. Early education strengthens the foundations of lifelong learning of all children and supporting the educational and social needs for family. Researchers indicate that children who participate in early education programs make significant short-term and long-term gains in cognitive kick downstairsment.Consistency in preschool can impact a childs cognitive development preschools that provide a curriculum allows children to develop cognitive skills. The curricula build on the Childs existing skills and allow them to acquire new skills. Make believe is to a fault another impact on cognitive and social skills. The preschooler who spend more time in sociodramatic pla y are seen as more socially competent by their teachers (Connolly & Doyle, 1984).Many studies reveal that make believe strengthens a wide variety of mental abilities, including sustained attention, memory, logical reasoning,language and literacy, imagination, creativity, and the ability to smooth on ones own thinking, behavior, and take anothers perspective (Bergen & Mauer, 2000 Berk. Mann, & Organ, 2006 Elisa & Berk, 2002 Hirsh-Psek et al. , 2009 Lindsey & Colwell, 2003 Organ & Berk, 2009 Ruff & Capozzoli, 2003).Having the child in the same preschool throughout the year allows them to develop relationship with adults and children, which provide a sense of security. A child that is Benefits of Early puerility Education 3 comfortable with the willing to learn and participate in learning opportunities. Preschoolers gainin emotional understanding. Preschooler who spend more time engaged in sociodramatics play are better at taking personal responsibilities for following classroom rules and at adjust emotions ( Berk, Mann, & Organ 2006 Lemche et al. 2003).Parents who take responsibilities to make sure their kids are in a quality childcare/preschool eviscerate the benefits in the long run. Children start learning at an early age, and when they feel confident around the hoi polloi they are around the more comfortable they will be at enhancing their education. Early education affects social, physical, intellectual, inventive and emotionaldevelopments.A child who starts early education has the benefits of completing high school, having above average try out scores and positive attitudes towards school among children and parents. Early education seems like a winner to me. Benefits of Early Childhood Education 4 References Berk, L. E. (2002) Tnfants and children Prenatal through middlehood (7th ed. ). Boston, MA Allyn & Bacon. ISBN9780205831913 Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http//www. kueducation. com/early-chldhood/benefits-early- childhood-education Retrieved Au gust 1, 2014, from http//www. Nowforlater. org/files/2013/03/The- Facts. pdf.

Evaluate the effectiveness of Internet marketing Essay

Given that the UK has fully embraced e-commerce and profit shoppers now pass more than to the nations GDP than some other country in the G20, it is perhaps unsurprising that it spawned unriv wholeed of the worlds leading online retailers ASOS (As Seen On Screen). When launched in 2000, the web organize was aimed at providing consumers a tool to buy vestments and accessories that had been worn by celebrities, or otherwise items As Seen on Screen, but has since gr sustain to a global online fashion store that has over 65,000 increases that be digitateed at the 20-somethings market. ASOS paragon customer is a female, 20 year old, fashion-lover an avid consumer and communicator who are inspired by celebrities and the media. ASOS aim to gain an increased mind of their invest customer so they suffer offer them the fashion they want, they do this by building an online relationship.ASOS ideal customer would have online, digital lives to ensure the instant access to informatio n as ASOS is web-accessible on either device they happen to be utilize mobile, tablet or laptop/PC. ASOS sells a wide get of brands to bespeak diverse individuals. ASOS sell their own label and other world-renowned brands, and also give individuals and boutiques the chance to sell, new-sprung(prenominal) and pre-worn fashion, through their ASOS Marketplace channel. ASOS now has eight local language websites (UK, US, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, China and Russia) but also provides innocent shipping to 234 countries in total. Its website attracts 29.5 million unique visitors a month (excluding mobile) and has 14.8 million registered users. With the Groups knob executive recently claiming that 1 billion in annual sales are firmly in the companys sights, ASOS is truly an online giant. How does ASOS use the Internet?ASOS use the Internet in a dictate of different ways to strive to gain the most from the company. As the company is online just now, their main use of the Internet is through their own website. By using their website they can convey the companys message, to inform live and potential customers of the features and benefits of the companys products and/or improvements. This enables the customers to browse through the products available and leveraging them online at their own convenience. As customers of ASOS move around part of the company by having their own personal reckons, ASOS can use devisemailing when promoting new offers, products and services. They can also use direct mail to support customers when tracking orders pose online. ASOS can also use the Internet to promote the company through Search Engine optimization (SEO).Search Engine Marketing (SEM), which is marketing a website online via search engines, either by improving the sites ranking through search engine optimization (SEO), buying pay-per-click (PPC) ads or purchasing pay-for-inclusion (PFI) listings in website directories. By doing this, ASOS can use popul ar search engines much(prenominal) as, Google and Yahoo, to sponsor any intimacy up of theirs, this instantly gives them a competitive advantage over competitors. ASOS can also use the Internet by advertising through banners etc. Social Media is another way ASOS can use the Internet. Social media marketing, this can involve social networks like Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. ASOS can use these sites to gain customers and also enhance the popularity of the company. The products provided by ASOS target a range of customers with a wide array of higher(prenominal) street and designer brands. These are all promoted alongside ASOS own brand to gain an increased recognition from potential customers.What are the benefits?By using the Internet, ASOS have been able to obtain a number of key benefits. The main key benefit for ASOS is the dexterity the Internet brings to provide a service to a wider target audience. The convenience of the store and the 24/7 access enables ASOS to obtain an increased amount of customers. By being an online store they can also target customers worldwide, which further expands their ever-growing target audience. Another benefit of using the Internet as a business is the dexterity to use direct marketing, via Email, text etc. ASOS are able to contact customers directly through their account information and they do this to inform them of the latest sales/promotions. This is a huge benefit for ASOS in legal injury of sustaining customers and it builds a customer/company relationship and increases the loyalty of the customers.What challenges did ASOS overcome?In order to excel to croak one of the worlds leading online retailers, ASOS have had to overcome a number of challenges. The most red-blooded challenge,which colossally impacted ASOS financially, was in the form of a warehouse provoke in 2006. The warehouse fire caused 45% of stock with an overall profit of 3.8million to be lost this incident saw a great sightfall for the comp any. Unfortunately, the incident fell during December, which resulted in the loss of thousands of Christmas presents that had also been paid for by customers worldwide. Not only was this a financial issue this also hindered ASOS reputation and brand image due to the lack of assurance and decreased loyalty from their customers. In the wake of the 9/11 and the collapse of the dot-com boom craze, ASOS shares were move towards one of the worst market collapses for a generation.An instant decrease in share prices similarly caused a challenge for the business. ASOS also faced challenges with the lack of support from high-end, designer brands. To build the companies reputation, attracting larger fashion labels was crucial. By 2004, ASOS was selling stock from a number of prestigious brands this greatly increased customers and therefore increased acquire and popularity of the site. The brand image including the re-brand of the company from As Seen On Screen to ASOS, which was another vit al decision ASOS had to sire to suit customers demands and needs. By doing this they tailored their company to fit the desired needs of their customers, which succeeded in building the relationship between the company and the customers. After the incident of the warehouse fire, ASOS faced financial struggle and faced retardation payments over 12 months to strive to put the business back on track. They thrived in doing this with a gain of 116% in 12 months and revenues of 42.6 million. Today, ASOS stillness faces challenges with issues such as, technical difficulties and securing payments online.How do they meet the customer needs?As a highly successful company, ASOS meet customer needs in a number of respective(a) ways. The website itself aims to meet customer needs by targeting their design and layout to appease customers. The website features a navigation bar, drop deal menus, a help page and contact details for customers. When featuring a product on the site, ASOS offer cus tomers with a wide range of colour and size options, catering for customers needs. The website also makes this easy for customers to find their desired product with the use of filters when browsing products. The website is also used topromote sales and special offers for customers all year round. recently ASOS have expanded their services by providing, ASOS high muckamuck Premier (for just 9.95 a year). This allows loyal customers to become a VIP member of the site with extra services such as unlimited next-day delivery, foreswear returns and early access to sales.This is highlighted to enhance customers desire to shop with ASOS and also provides increased benefits when becoming a VIP ASOS customer. As healthful as the ability to become an ASOS VIP Premier customer, customers can join the website (free of charge) with their own personal account. This includes sharing personal details when ordering and tracking products. Due to security, some customers whitethorn jut out this as an off-putting aspect to ordering online. However, ASOS ensure security recognition, in the form of a affirm icon, focuses that ASOS is a secure site. By becoming a member, customers are automatically placed on the direct mailing list. This allows ASOS to keep customers up to date with special offers and also help to sustain customers. As well as using their own site, ASOS also uses a variety of social networking sites to help their customers feel more connected to the business. This also enables them to be informed of any updates.ASOS also use popular search engines, such as Google and Yahoo through sponsored link this means that when users search ASOS, the page is automatically the first link to appear on screen. By using sponsored link this enables ASOS to gain recognition of customers and also makes it more handy and easier for customers to find the page. To meet a wider customer audience, ASOS ensure their site is accessible to all, with the option of 8 different language an d currency selections to suit a specific customer. This meets customers needs as it enhances ASOS target audience therefore generating an increased profit for the company.How dont they meet the customer needs? contempt having a wide range of benefits that do meet ASOS customer needs there are still a number of factors that hinder success for ASOS. Primarily, with ASOS being an online only business, there is no direct service for customers. Although the website provides an email service there is no direct service available for customers, which means customers can not ring the business or speak to an employee face to face. This may be a huge disadvantage to the ASOS, as they do not provide a particular service thatcustomers may feel is a must. The website itself, although fresh and tidy with its black and white colour scheme, when browsing the site customers may find the design to be boring and dull in comparison to an exciting and living shopping trip experience.This may hinder cus tomers use of the site and result in a loss of customers and profit. As well as the design of the website, images of products featured on ASOS, may also deter customers desire to purchase from the website. Some of the images on the ASOS website are unreliable which makes it hard for customers to gain a realistic vision of what they are potentially purchasing. This could possibly be a disadvantage for ASOS as customers may face disappointment on the arrival of their purchase, as they do not have the ability to view the product in high detail before buying. When browsing ASOS, it can be highlighted that some of the pages show a different layout than others on the website. This could be seen as inconsistency within the website and give customers an unprofessional image of ASOS.ConclusionIn conclusion, ASOS is in effect(p) in meeting the desired needs of its customers. The figures in 2007 of 42.6 million in comparison to the predicted turnover of 1 billion expected by 2015 show the em ersion of the company in past years. This growth is down to the overall service providing by ASOS and use of the Internet. This is shown through benefits such as navigation of the website, popularity through other sites, including search engines direct mail and accessibility. Despite this, there are several drawbacks to using Internet market, which may prevent ASOS to strive to reach their fullest potential. Drawbacks within overall customer service and inconsistency throughout the site, which may be seen as a huge disadvantage when using the website and may hinder the future growth of ASOS in the aspect of gaining and sustaining current and potential customers.